Big Mobile Data for Social Good

Mobile-network records offer a partial view of how populations move and communicate. Between 2010 and 2016, we studied what could—and could not—be learned from these traces when they were aggregated and analyzed at population scale.

An early study used call-detail records from more than one million people to identify dense urban areas without imposing a fixed geographic grid. Later work combined communication and transportation activity to detect unusual events in Barcelona.

The same research line examined specific public problems. During the 2009 floods in Tabasco and Veracruz, changes in mobile activity were compared with satellite imagery, rainfall, census data, and civil-protection records. In London, aggregated mobile behavior and demographic information classified areas according to whether they would have high or low crime in the following month, reaching almost 70% accuracy—about six percentage points above the demographic baseline.

Other studies considered public health, mental health, and credit scoring for people with limited conventional financial histories. These were predictive studies and research frameworks, not evidence that phone activity causes crime, illness, or financial behavior.

Mobile traces are not a census. Their resolution depends on when people use the network and which cell tower serves them; operator coverage, access to phones, privacy, consent, and the possibility of discriminatory proxies all limit how the results should be interpreted or used.

Urban patterns and events

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Marcos R. Vieira, Vanessa Frias-Martinez, Nuria Oliver, Enrique Frias-Martinez (2010). Characterizing Dense Urban Areas from Mobile Phone-Call Data: Discovery and Social Dynamics. 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom), 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1109/socialcom.2010.41

BibTeX
@inproceedings{vieira2010urban,
  author = {Marcos R. Vieira and Vanessa Frias-Martinez and Nuria Oliver and Enrique Frias-Martinez},
  title = {Characterizing Dense Urban Areas from Mobile Phone-Call Data: Discovery and Social Dynamics},
  booktitle = {2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom)},
  pages = {241--248},
  year = 2010,
  doi = {10.1109/socialcom.2010.41},
  cites = 93,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}

Characterizing Dense Urban Areas from Mobile Phone-Call Data: Discovery and Social Dynamics

Marcos R. Vieira, Vanessa Frias-Martinez, Nuria Oliver, Enrique Frias-Martinez
2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom) · 2010
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Nuria Oliver (2011). Urban Computing and Smart Cities: Opportunities and Challenges in Modelling Large-Scale Aggregated Human Behavior. International Workshop on Human Behavior Understanding, 16-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25446-8_2

BibTeX
@inproceedings{oliver2011urban,
  author = {Nuria Oliver},
  title = {Urban Computing and Smart Cities: Opportunities and Challenges in Modelling Large-Scale Aggregated Human Behavior},
  booktitle = {International Workshop on Human Behavior Understanding},
  publisher = {Springer},
  pages = {16--17},
  year = 2011,
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-25446-8_2},
  cites = 4,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}

Urban Computing and Smart Cities: Opportunities and Challenges in Modelling Large-Scale Aggregated Human Behavior

Nuria Oliver
International Workshop on Human Behavior Understanding · 2011
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Joachim Neumann, Manqi Zao, Alexandros Karatzoglou, Nuria Oliver (2013). Event Detection in Communication and Transportation Data. Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (IbPRIA), 827-838. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_98

BibTeX
@inproceedings{neumann2013event,
  author = {Joachim Neumann and Manqi Zao and Alexandros Karatzoglou and Nuria Oliver},
  title = {Event Detection in Communication and Transportation Data},
  booktitle = {Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (IbPRIA)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  pages = {827--838},
  year = 2013,
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_98},
  cites = 6,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}

Event Detection in Communication and Transportation Data

Joachim Neumann, Manqi Zao, Alexandros Karatzoglou, Nuria Oliver
Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (IbPRIA) · 2013

Disasters and city safety

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Jean-Martin Bauer Torres-Fernandez, Amit Wadhwa, Alex Rutherford, Vanessa Frias-Martinez, David Pastor-Escuredo, Alfredo Morales-Guzman, Liudmyla Romanoff, Jong Gun Lee, Nuria Oliver, others (2014). Flooding Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Activity. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2014.6970293

BibTeX
@inproceedings{bauertorres2014flooding,
  author = {Jean-Martin Bauer Torres-Fernandez and Amit Wadhwa and Alex Rutherford and Vanessa Frias-Martinez and David Pastor-Escuredo and Alfredo Morales-Guzman and Liudmyla Romanoff and Jong Gun Lee and Nuria Oliver and others},
  title = {Flooding Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Activity},
  booktitle = {IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference},
  year = 2014,
  doi = {10.1109/ghtc.2014.6970293},
  pages = {279--286},
  cites = 91,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}

Flooding Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Activity

Jean-Martin Bauer Torres-Fernandez, Amit Wadhwa, Alex Rutherford, Vanessa Frias-Martinez, David Pastor-Escuredo, Alfredo Morales-Guzman, Liudmyla Romanoff, Jong Gun Lee, Nuria Oliver, others
IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference · 2014
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Andrey Bogomolov, Bruno Lepri, Jacopo Staiano, Nuria Oliver, Fabio Pianesi, Alex Pentland (2014). Once Upon a Crime: Towards Crime Prediction from Demographics and Mobile Data. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2014), 427-434. https://doi.org/10.1145/2663204.2663254

BibTeX
@inproceedings{bogomolov2014crime,
  author = {Andrey Bogomolov and Bruno Lepri and Jacopo Staiano and Nuria Oliver and Fabio Pianesi and Alex Pentland},
  title = {Once Upon a Crime: Towards Crime Prediction from Demographics and Mobile Data},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2014)},
  pages = {427--434},
  year = 2014,
  doi = {10.1145/2663204.2663254},
  award = {ACM ICMI Ten Year Technical Impact Award},
  awardyear = {2014/2024},
  cites = 459,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}
★ ACM ICMI Ten Year Technical Impact Award (2014/2024)

Once Upon a Crime: Towards Crime Prediction from Demographics and Mobile Data

Andrey Bogomolov, Bruno Lepri, Jacopo Staiano, Nuria Oliver, Fabio Pianesi, Alex Pentland
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2014) · 2014
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Andrey Bogomolov, Bruno Lepri, Jacopo Staiano, Emmanuel Letouze, Nuria Oliver, Fabio Pianesi, Alex Pentland (2015). Moves on the Street: Classifying Crime Hotspots Using Aggregated Anonymized Data on People Dynamics. Big Data Journal 3(3), 148-158. https://doi.org/10.1089/big.2014.0054

BibTeX
@article{bogomolov2015moves,
  author = {Andrey Bogomolov and Bruno Lepri and Jacopo Staiano and Emmanuel Letouze and Nuria Oliver and Fabio Pianesi and Alex Pentland},
  title = {Moves on the Street: Classifying Crime Hotspots Using Aggregated Anonymized Data on People Dynamics},
  journal = {Big Data Journal},
  volume = 3,
  number = 3,
  year = 2015,
  doi = {10.1089/big.2014.0054},
  pages = {148--158},
  cites = 82,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}

Moves on the Street: Classifying Crime Hotspots Using Aggregated Anonymized Data on People Dynamics

Andrey Bogomolov, Bruno Lepri, Jacopo Staiano, Emmanuel Letouze, Nuria Oliver, Fabio Pianesi, Alex Pentland
Big Data Journal · 2015

Health and financial inclusion

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Jose San Pedro, Davide Proserpio, Nuria Oliver (2015). MobiScore: Towards Universal Credit Scoring from Mobile Phone Data. International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2015), 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20267-9_16

BibTeX
@inproceedings{sanpedro2015mobiscore,
  author = {Jose San Pedro and Davide Proserpio and Nuria Oliver},
  title = {{MobiScore}: Towards Universal Credit Scoring from Mobile Phone Data},
  booktitle = {International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2015)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  pages = {195--207},
  year = 2015,
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-20267-9_16},
  cites = 64,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}

MobiScore: Towards Universal Credit Scoring from Mobile Phone Data

Jose San Pedro, Davide Proserpio, Nuria Oliver
International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2015) · 2015
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Nuria Oliver, Aleksandar Matic, Enrique Frias-Martinez (2015). Mobile Network Data for Public Health: Opportunities and Challenges. Frontiers in Public Health 3, 189. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2015.00189

BibTeX
@article{oliver2015mobile,
  author = {Nuria Oliver and Aleksandar Matic and Enrique Frias-Martinez},
  title = {Mobile Network Data for Public Health: Opportunities and Challenges},
  volume = 3,
  pages = 189,
  year = 2015,
  doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2015.00189},
  journal = {Frontiers in Public Health},
  cites = 73,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}

Mobile Network Data for Public Health: Opportunities and Challenges

Nuria Oliver, Aleksandar Matic, Enrique Frias-Martinez
Frontiers in Public Health · 2015
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Aleksandar Matic, Nuria Oliver (2016). The Untapped Opportunity of Mobile Network Data for Mental Health. 10th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare, 285-288. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-5-2016.2263783

BibTeX
@inproceedings{matic2016mental,
  author = {Aleksandar Matic and Nuria Oliver},
  title = {The Untapped Opportunity of Mobile Network Data for Mental Health},
  booktitle = {10th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare},
  pages = {285--288},
  year = 2016,
  doi = {10.4108/eai.16-5-2016.2263783},
  cites = 5,
  citesdate = {2026-03-23}
}

The Untapped Opportunity of Mobile Network Data for Mental Health

Aleksandar Matic, Nuria Oliver
10th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare · 2016